Many jazz and music writers will write about Ornette Coleman more knowledgeably and eloquently than I can, so I will just share a few thoughts. Coleman belonged to the "first name is enough" echelon of jazz giants, so I will refer to him as countless others have: Ornette.
Ornette was a true maverick genius of American music, and I'm fully conscious of the overuse of the word genius. If a genius is someone who does something genuinely innovative yet wholly obvious and necessary in hindsight, then Ornette fits the bill. From the start he had a clear vision: make music that sounds sounds beautiful and honest, regardless of whatever convention or pattern you may break in the process. It's not exactly rocket science, yet at the time the idea was absolutely radical and divisive -- it still is. Unlike other pioneers of "free jazz" (Cecil Taylor comes to mind), Ornette's music was also wholly inclusive: maybe it wasn't always approachable to those who preferred the conventional way, but Ornette's jazz never felt completely out of reach, never exclusive or closed off to non-believers. It felt too real. It wasn't confrontational and it wasn't explicitly reactionary: it was "folk art" in the most sophisticated sense. Miles Davis was a contemporary who also warrants the "maverick genius" tag, but Miles' thing was always to push relentlessly, unapologetically forward, refusing to look back at what he left in his wake. Ornette's music grew and changed over the course of his 50+ years, but it never felt like he was trying to leave anything behind. It defied that narrative of "progress" and "development" that jazz critics love to map onto long careers like his, but it also never felt like he was being nostalgic or locked in the past either. And it's no exaggeration to say that he completely changed the course of jazz in a way that almost no one else did: he rearranged the priorities, and folks like Miles, Coltrane, and Mingus on down changed what they were doing after Ornette's music hit. Yet, for all of his maverick and revolutionary spirit, he was no isolationist: his music has always been about communication and community, always an ensemble music where the ensemble always remains just as much in focus as any soloist (I even chose the pic above with this in mind).
I didn't get it at first. My father had the landmark Shape of Jazz to Come record and I listened to it as a kid and wondered what was going on. So like much other "challenging" music, it wasn't until I got to see Ornette in person that it suddenly made sense. This must have been around 1997 or so, and it was a reunion of Ornette with his original bandmates Charlie Haden and Billy Higgins at Lincoln Center in New York -- sadly, all have left us now. I'm not being hyperbolic: it really was life-changing in a musical sense. All of a sudden, "free" improvisation made sense. It just seemed perfectly natural: three cats playing the music as it changes, grows, and moves around before us. I had never heard anyone outside of the Dead play music in that way before.
The influence of Ornette shouldn't come as a surprise, though it wasn't talked about as often as influences like Coltrane or Charles Ives. Weir said that the Dead were listening hard to Ornette in the 60's, and Miles Davis himself even reported that Garcia liked Ornette. But just listen: every Dead jam that took it outside of the normal bounds owes a little something to Ornette's conception of music.
Blair Jackson's got the story of how Garcia hooked up with Ornette for 1988's Virgin Beauty album, with some extensive quotes by Garcia. Some more pertinent background info is at deaddiscs as well.
And, of course, Ornette actually performed with them, too. Twice!
https://archive.org/details/gd1993-02-23.116152.NeumannKMF4.daweez.d5scott.flac16
(this one has one track from Ornette's opening set with Garcia sitting in)
https://archive.org/details/gd1993-12-09.sbd.miller.91958.sbeok.flac16
But tonight, I'm breaking out the Atlantic box set, the Golden Circle trios, the amazing Science Fiction album, Dancing In Your Head and Of Human Feelings by the Prime Time band, all the way up to his final "official" album Sound Grammar that coincided with his Pulitzer Prize. Long live Ornette!
Bill Kreutzmann mentions in his new book that once when Ornette attended a Dead show, he said they weren't listening to each other. (Which made Bill sad!)
ReplyDeleteHe goes on to say that at the actual shows Ornette played at, this wasn't the case - but it WAS true of the show Ornette criticized.
I wonder which show that was... Apparently it didn't put Ornette off playing with the Dead anyway!
Hmm. I haven't read Kreutzmann's book yet, so thanks for that. I would presume it must be the 1987 MSG show(s?) he saw, or maybe he was invited back in 1988?
ReplyDeleteMSG, fall '87, hmm.... Cecil Taylor attended the same show! (Don't know what he thought.)
ReplyDeleteIf Ornette did think the Dead "wasn't listening," it would give a rather different meaning to his comment to Rolling Stone about the Dead's audience:
"[The Dead] could have done anything up there and those people would have screamed... Whatever they decided to do, that audience wasn't going to walk out. I thought...if these people here could be into this, they could dig what we're doing."
Rhoney Stanley wrote in her recent book that in 1968, after Bill Graham "reopened the Carousel as the Fillmore West...we felt burned. The Grateful Dead would not play the Fillmore West for several weeks. None of us would even attend shows there until Bill Graham booked Ornette Coleman, August 5. That got Garcia to go. He was a jazz aficionado."
ReplyDeleteI never knew that. Very cool! On the poster, Ornette's group is the only act billed, which seems unusual for Bill Graham. It looks like the first act Graham booked at the Fillmore West was Charles Lloyd's group, but they had rock bands supporting them, as did Thelonious Monk when he played at the Carousel in May '68 (not BG, I know). I wonder if Ornette really was the only act that night -- that would be something. Gotta go dig up an Ornette bio to see if there's any info.
ReplyDelete